![]() coli in a pilot-scale system comprised of a UASB reactor followed by HRAPs treating real wastewater. This study evaluated the overall reduction and the liquid-solid partitioning of somatic coliphages, F-specific coliphages, and E. High-rate algal ponds (HRAP) are regarded as a sustainable technology for the post-treatment of UASB effluent. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors are among the top three most commonly used technologies for the treatment of sewage in Latin America and the Caribbean, and their use has become increasingly common in many other low- and middle-income countries. Knowledge about the reduction of viruses in wastewater treatment and their partitioning between the treated liquid effluent versus the sludge or biosolids is still very scarce, especially in countries with emerging economies and tropical climates. For example, SARS-CoV-2 has been recently detected in domestic sewage and primary sludge. New pathogens in wastewater are constantly emerging. Human enteric pathogens are a major global concern, as they are responsible for thousands of preventable deaths every year.
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